By GERALD J. FISHMAN Space Science Department , Code SD - 50 NASA - Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville , AL 35812 Gamma - ray bursts ( GRBs ) are now recognized as the most luminous known objects in the Universe .
Author: Space Telescope Science Institute (U.S.). Symposium
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521791413
Category: Science
Page: 376
View: 164
Covers both observations and theoretical developments in the area; valuable for researchers and graduate students.optical counterparts of gamma-ray bursts, Proc. SPIE 3355, 658±664, Optical Astronomical Instrumentation, Sandro D'Odorico, Ed. Pendleton, G. N., et al. (1994a) Continuum spectral characteristics of bursts measured with the BATSE large ...
Author: Gilbert Vedrenne
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540390886
Category: Science
Page: 580
View: 374
Since their discovery was first announced in 1973, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been among the most fascination objects in the universe. While the initial mystery has gone, the fascination continues, sustained by the close connection linking GRBs with some of the most fundamental topics in modern astrophysics and cosmology. Both authors have been active in GRB observations for over two decades and have produced an outstanding account on both the history and the perspectives of GRB research.Preface The Los Alamos Workshop on Gamma - Ray Bursts was held July 29 – August 3 , 1990 at the Sagebrush Inn in Taos , New Mexico . About one hundred astrophysicists from all over the world – theorists and observers , senior scientists ...
Author: Cheng Ho
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521414490
Category: Science
Page: 499
View: 214
Summarizes the current understanding of Astronomical gamma-ray bursts, short-lived flashes of high-energy radiation, which have eluded even a basic explanation for over twenty years, and describes directions for future research.The role of newly born magnetars in gamma-ray burst X-ray afterglow emission: energy injection and internal emission. ApJ, 715(May), 477–484. Yu, Y.-W., Liu, L.-D., and Dai, Z.-G. 2018. A long-lived remnant neutron star after GW170817 ...
Author: Bing Zhang
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781107027619
Category: Science
Page: 652
View: 355
A complete text on the physics of gamma-ray bursts, the most brilliant explosions since the Big Bang.J ochen Greiner 6.1 Introduction Most of the progress in the gamma-ray burst (GRB) field over the last decade and prior to the launch of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (F GST; Fermi henceforth) occurred in our understanding of the ...
Author: Chryssa Kouveliotou
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521662093
Category: Nature
Page: 344
View: 424
A comprehensive graduate-level review of GRB astrophysics and its history, featuring the latest research by an international team of experts.Articles from the Great Debate summarizing the case for the Galactic and extragalactic distance scales: “The Distance Scale to Gamma-Ray Bursts,” D. Q. Lamb (1995; Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 107, p.
Author: Joshua S. Bloom
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 9781400837007
Category: Science
Page: 280
View: 843
Gamma-ray bursts are the brightest--and, until recently, among the least understood--cosmic events in the universe. Discovered by chance during the cold war, these evanescent high-energy explosions confounded astronomers for decades. But a rapid series of startling breakthroughs beginning in 1997 revealed that the majority of gamma-ray bursts are caused by the explosions of young and massive stars in the vast star-forming cauldrons of distant galaxies. New findings also point to very different origins for some events, serving to complicate but enrich our understanding of the exotic and violent universe. What Are Gamma-Ray Bursts? is a succinct introduction to this fast-growing subject, written by an astrophysicist who is at the forefront of today's research into these incredible cosmic phenomena. Joshua Bloom gives readers a concise and accessible overview of gamma-ray bursts and the theoretical framework that physicists have developed to make sense of complex observations across the electromagnetic spectrum. He traces the history of remarkable discoveries that led to our current understanding of gamma-ray bursts, and reveals the decisive role these phenomena could play in the grand pursuits of twenty-first century astrophysics, from studying gravity waves and unveiling the growth of stars and galaxies after the big bang to surmising the ultimate fate of the universe itself. What Are Gamma-Ray Bursts? is an essential primer to this exciting frontier of scientific inquiry, and a must-read for anyone seeking to keep pace with cutting-edge developments in physics today.The Beppo SAX Wide Field Cameras have been successful in detecting gamma - ray bursts in the 2–26 keV energy range . ... bursts are also strong emitters at higher energies , a significant fraction have anomalously low gammaray flux .
Author: Enrico Costa
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540427716
Category: Science
Page: 459
View: 607
The information received from BeppoSAX, Chandra and other instruments in the last two years has more than doubled the number of samples of Gamma-Ray Bursts localized and followed up for afterglow search. This has also increased the interest of astronomers in GRBs. This book reviews the research of the last two years and covers the global properties of GRBs, GRB afterglows, GRB host galaxies, cosmology using GRBs, and theories for GRBs and their afterglows. Theoretical and observational aspects are presented as well as tools for the analysis of the data.KONUS EXPERIMENT DATA Preface Shortly after the first announcement of the discovery of gamma-ray bursts in 1973, a conference was held at the Los Alamos National Laboratories in New Mexico to discuss the current results and plan future ...
Author: E.P. Mazets
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9789400979604
Category: Science
Page: 144
View: 304
continues to be extremely rewarding. Experiments on future missions, such as the two 1981 Veneras, Gamma Ray Observatory, and the International Solar Polar Mission, will undoubtedly provide new and unexpected discoveries, but the work of the Leningrad group is likely to remain an important contribution to the field for some time to come. c.E.S.R. KEVIN HURLEY Toulouse, France June 9, 1981 CATALOG OF COSMIC GAMMA-RAY BURSTS FROM THE KONUS EXPERIMENT DATA Parts I and II E. P. MAZETS, S. V. GOLENETSKII, V. N. IL'INSKII, V. N. PANOV, R. L. APTEKAR, YU. A. GUR'YAN, M. P. PROSKURA, 1. A. SOKOLOV, Z. Y A. SOKOLOV A, and T. V. KHARITONOV A A. F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, U.S.S.R. and A. V. DYATCHKOV and N. G. KHAVENSON Institute of Cosmic Research, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Moscow, U.S.S.R. (Received 2 July, 1980) Abstract. Data are presented on the temporal structure, fluxes, energy spectra and coordinates of the sources of gamma-ray bursts detected in the KONUS experiment on Venera 1 I and Venera 12 space probes in the period September 1978 to May 1979. The statistical distributions of gamma bursts in duration, intensity, and peak power, as well as the distribution of the burst sources over the celestial sphere presented are based on the updated KONUS information obtained until February 1980.The spatial and temporal coincidence of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 980425 and supernova (SN) 1998bw has prompted speculation that there exists a subclass of GRBs produced by SNe ("S-GRBs"). A physical model motivated by radio observations ...
Author: Joshua S. Bloom
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
ISBN: 9781581121698
Category: Science
Page: 200
View: 226
The various possibilities for the origin ("progenitors") of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) manifest in differing observable properties. Through deep spectroscopic and high-resolution imaging observations of some GRB hosts, I demonstrate that well-localized long-duration GRBs are connected with otherwise normal star-forming galaxies at moderate redshifts of order unity. Using high-mass binary stellar population synthesis models, I quantify the expected spatial extent around galaxies of coalescing neutron stars, one of the leading contenders for GRB progenitors. I then test this scenario by examining the offset distribution of GRBs about their apparent hosts making extensive use of ground-based optical data from Keck and Palomar and space-based imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope. The offset distribution appears to be inconsistent with the coalescing neutron star binary hypothesis (and, similarly, black-hole--neutron star coalescences); instead, the distribution is statistically consistent with a population of progenitors that closely traces the ultra-violet light of galaxies. This is naturally explained by bursts which originate from the collapse of massive stars ``collapsars''). This claim is further supported by the unambiguous detections of intermediate-time (approximately three weeks after the bursts) emission ``bumps'' which appear substantially more red than the afterglows themselves. I claim that these bumps could originate from supernovae that occur at approximately the same time as the associated GRB; if true, GRB 980326 and GRB 011121 provide strong observational evidence connecting cosmological GRBs to high-redshift supernovae and implicate massive stars as the progenitors of at least some long-duration GRBs.Detection of a γ-ray burst of very long duration and very high energy. nat, 374:94, March 1995. 2. P. M ́esz ́aros. Gamma-ray bursts. Reports on Progress in Physics, 69:2259–2321, August 2006. M. Bustamante. Ultra-high-energy neutrinos ...
Author: Oindree Banerjee
Publisher: Oindree Banerjee
ISBN: 9798553433314
Category: Science
Page: 41
View: 259
Abstract Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous transient events in the observed Universe. However, there is no direct observational evidence for what exactly drives a GRB. The most widely accepted model for these cosmic events is the fireball model where it is thought that a substantial fraction of the kinetic energy of the source is converted to gamma-radiation by shock accelerated electrons emitting synchrotron and inverse-Compton radiation. The acceleration of protons in the gamma-ray emitting region of the GRB has been hypothesized as well. In this hadronic acceleration model, it is predicted that protons may interact with gamma-ray photons to produce a burst of neutrinos at energy ∼10^14 eV during prompt emission and energy ∼10^18 eV during afterglow emission. Several experimental searches for these high energy neutrinos have been conducted and no GRB neutrinos have yet been found. The analytical prediction for neutrino flux has been replaced with a more thorough numerical prediction for neutrino flux. The neutron model of GRBs, where only neutrons can escape the GRB and reach Earth as cosmic rays, has been ruled out by the experimental work of IceCube and ANTARES. Upgraded versions of current experiments such as IceCube, ANTARES, ANITA and ARA, as well as new experiments such as KM3NeT, are preparing to probe and further constrain the fireball paradigm of GRB neutrino production. This review includes: Introduction Early theoretical predictions for neutrino fluences due to GRBs Overview of high energy neutrino experiments and related physics Experimental searches for high energy neutrinos from GRBs Prospects for detection of high energy neutrinos from GRBs High Energy Neutrinos from Gamma Ray Bursts: Theoretical Predictions, Experimental Searches, and Prospects for Detection was originally written as a review submitted for my Ph.D. candidacy paper on Nov 23, 2015. It has been edited for a "Short Read" on Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing in Oct 2020. It is a public domain work. Special thanks to the Connolly group at Ohio State University (OSU) and the physics and astronomy departments at OSU. Moreover, I am grateful for the contribution of each and every scientist and author listed in the "References" section of this review. This review would not be possible without their published science and hard work. Please let me know if you find any mistakes or problems, I will fix it. My email is [email protected] I am happy for this to be a living document. I am anxious to improve it but feel that it needs to be out at this point before that can happen.