1.1.1 Merchants: Status and Role The status of merchants in early modern China (mainly Ming merchants) is the core throughout this book. According to the Oxford Dictionary of English, the word 'status' can have three meanings: social ...

Author: Tengda Hua

Publisher: Springer Nature

ISBN: 9783030771898

Category: Business & Economics

Page: 285

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This book explores the vital role of merchants within early modern China. Unlike European merchants, their Sino-colleagues have long been regarded as certain social pariahs after pre-Qin period, despite the fortune they made. The key mission of this monograph is to investigate whether the standing of merchants in the Ming Empire has been improved compared with their predecessors. Generally, their status is reflected in state-merchant relationship and their role in the market, which can be found in miscellaneous economic activities such as market monopoly, commercial taxation, international trade, and consumption. This book aims to be of relevance to students and researchers interested in early modern history, eastern commerce, Ming merchants, and contemporary global affairs.

This book explores the vital role of merchants within early modern China.

Author: Tengda Hua

Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan

ISBN: 3030771911

Category: Business & Economics

Page: 0

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This book explores the vital role of merchants within early modern China. Unlike European merchants, their Sino-colleagues have long been regarded as certain social pariahs after pre-Qin period, despite the fortune they made. The key mission of this monograph is to investigate whether the standing of merchants in the Ming Empire has been improved compared with their predecessors. Generally, their status is reflected in state-merchant relationship and their role in the market, which can be found in miscellaneous economic activities such as market monopoly, commercial taxation, international trade, and consumption. This book aims to be of relevance to students and researchers interested in early modern history, eastern commerce, Ming merchants, and contemporary global affairs.

In addition , according to Cerulli , these merchants used to pay annual gifts to the king in acknowledgment of his protection.3 The nagadras in the Hirmata market and the lesser market officials in other markets were in charge of ...

Author: Herbert S. Lewis

Publisher: The Red Sea Press

ISBN: 1569020892

Category: Chiefdoms

Page: 188

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The Kingdom of Jimma Abba Jifar, established ca 1830, was the largest and most powerful of five monarchies formed by the Oromo peoples in south-western Ethiopia. Based on extensive fieldwork in the area, this work presents a study of the history and organisation of Jimma under its most powerful ruler, Abba Jifar II (1878-1932), stressing the political history and structure of Jimma with a comparative perspective which notes similarities and differences in processes and structures to monarchical systems elsewhere in Africa and the world.

market . They had the option of attempting to exploit that market more intensively by imposing a policy of ... And it had a good and sufficient rationale in the complementary needs of the larger overseas merchants and the monarchy .

Author: Robert Brenner

Publisher: Verso

ISBN: 1859843336

Category: Business & Economics

Page: 768

View: 746

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A major reinterpretation of the transformation of English commerce in the century after 1550.

Further exemptions were permitted for import-export merchants of good standing for the entry of their assistants and to ... market gardeners, carpenters and others supported Sun Yat-sen (孫逸仙) who wanted to overthrow the monarchy.

Author: Mavis Gock Yen

Publisher: Sydney University Press

ISBN: 9781743327234

Category: Biography & Autobiography

Page: 403

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South Flows the Pearl is a fascinating journey through the history of Chinese Australia. Taking the reader from Shanghai and the Pearl River Delta to Sydney, Perth, Cairns, Darwin, Bendigo and beyond, it explores the struggles and successes of Chinese people in Australia since the 1850s, as told in their own words. This unique book was written by an insider. Mavis Yen was born in Perth in 1916, the daughter of a Chinese father and an Australian mother. She lived in both countries and understood what it meant to navigate two worlds, to live through war and revolution, and to experience racial discrimination. In the 1980s she began interviewing elderly Chinese Australians, recording hours of conversations. Her intimate understanding of their languages and life experiences encouraged them to share their stories. Published here for the first time, they will change how you think about Australian history. “This is a book that offers a new way to be Australian in this country, and casts Chinese Australians as the protagonists in their own stories... When people agree to tell their stories, they speak to the future. Whether or not we listen is up to us.” — Dr Sophie Loy-Wilson, University of Sydney

driven by the forces of the market, merchants, and free commerce. In his projection of the four stages of social development—hunting, pasturage, agriculture, and commerce—monarchy has a central role only in the first three.

Author: Puangchon Unchanam

Publisher:

ISBN: 9780299326005

Category: Capitalism

Page: 336

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"Classical theorists once predicted that monarchy must eventually give way to capitalism. But is monarchy really dead--an archaic institution from the feudal past? In Royal Capitalism: The Monarchy, Wealth, and Social Classes in Thailand, Puangchon Unchanam examines one particularly successful monarchy: that of Thailand's King Bhumibol Adulyadej or Rama IX, whose seven-decade reign not only survived but thrived amid the country's transition to industrial capitalism. Indeed, the Thai crown's active role in national politics, the market economy, and popular culture has made it not only the dominant institution in the kingdom, but also the wealthiest monarchy in the world today. Tracing Rama IX's reign (1946-2016), Puangchon shows how the Thai crown was transformed into a 'bourgeois monarchy,' distinctive in several key ways. Rather than representing only royal and religious values, the monarchy rebranded itself by embracing the traditional middle-class ethic of hard work, frugality, and self-sufficiency. Rather than only relying upon coercion, the crown sought political legitimacy. And rather than simply controlling national assets, the crown became the country's major broker, connecting business elites, patronizing their industries, and partnering with giant corporations. Thanks to these distinctive features that it has recently embodied, the Thai monarchy enjoys hegemonic status in the capitalist state, preeminent status in the market, and popular support from the urban bourgeoisie"

... located for ease of business.35 It is clear that the increased number of juros would not have been possible without a developed financial market which permitted transactions with the reigning monarch's agents and other merchants.

Author: Fausto Piola Caselli

Publisher: Routledge

ISBN: 9781317314233

Category: History

Page: 256

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Contains essays by historians of economic and financial history. It illuminates the relationships between government indebtedness and the development of financial markets in Europe from the late Middle Ages to the late twentieth century.

The latter had to face not only this obstacle but also the monarchy which simultaneously conferred upon it both its ... that is the societies of the merchant cities of Italy, Holland and even Germany, with their precocious wealth; ...

Author: Titia Hulst

Publisher: Univ of California Press

ISBN: 9780520290631

Category: Art

Page: 432

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This is the first sourcebook to trace the emergence and evolution of art markets in the Western economy, framing them within the larger narrative of the ascendancy of capitalist markets. Selected writings from across academic disciplines present compelling evidence of art’s inherent commercial dimension and show how artists, dealers, and collectors have interacted over time, from the city-states of Quattrocento Italy to the high-stakes markets of postmillennial New York and Beijing. This approach casts a startling new light on the traditional concerns of art history and aesthetics, revealing much that is provocative, profound, and occasionally even comic. This volume’s unique historical perspective makes it appropriate for use in college courses and postgraduate and professional programs, as well as for professionals working in art-related environments such as museums, galleries, and auction houses.

... the Romans would have obtained enormous commercial advantages . While their own merchants remained quietly at home , the foreign merchants would have had the trouble and expense of bringing their commodities to market a distance of ...

Author: George Rawlinson

Publisher:

ISBN: OXFORD:600024936

Category: Iran

Page: 846

View: 915

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... were confirmed and secured by the right which she ( practically ) obtained of nominating the Iberian monarchs . ... the foreign merchants would have had the trouble and expense of bringing their commodities to market a distance of ...

Author: George Rawlinson (Professor of Ancient History in the University of Oxford.)

Publisher:

ISBN: BL:A0024550262

Category:

Page:

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