This interdisciplinary book considers, through the prism of several landmark moments, how the dynamics of reformation and revolution, and the crises they either addressed or created, have shaped European history, memory, and thought.

Author: Bronwyn Winter

Publisher: Routledge

ISBN: 9781000726015

Category: History

Page: 280

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Today Europe stands at a crossroads unlike any it has faced since 1945. Since the 2008 financial crash, Europe has weathered the Greek debt crisis, the 2015 refugee crisis, and the identity crisis brought about by Brexit in 2016. The future of the European project is in doubt. How will Europe respond? Reform and revolution have been two forms of response to crisis that have shaped Europe’s history. To understand Europe’s present, we must understand that past. This interdisciplinary book considers, through the prism of several landmark moments, how the dynamics of reformation and revolution, and the crises they either addressed or created, have shaped European history, memory, and thought.

A unique dimension of this collection is its avoidance of one-dimensional explanations. The contributors approach the subject from very different angles, and start from very distinct sociopolitical premises.

Author: Ferenc Féhér

Publisher: Transaction Publishers

ISBN: 1412820677

Category: History

Page: 531

View: 253

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Communism in Eastern Europe is in crisis. Its dimensions are social and economic; its manifestation is political. This volume, a collection of essays by leading authorities, describes the symptoms of the crisis, diagnoses the causes of the malady, and offers alternative scenarios for therapy. A unique dimension of this collection is its avoidance of one-dimensional explanations. The contributors approach the subject from very different angles, and start from very distinct sociopolitical premises. The volume includes original accounts of unexplored aspects of East European communism as well as classic interpretations of the economic crisis and social stagnation that characterize the area. Contributions not only examine the sociopolitical behavior of the ruling apparatus, but also analyze its strategies, political culture, and the opposition. Both the professional and the general reader seeking more information about Eastern Europe will find this volume an extensive, in-depth portrait of the current situation in what many observers predict may develop into the major area of tension in post-World War II Europe. Ferenc Feher, a collaborator and friend of George Lukacs, was a leading member of the "Budapest School." Forced into exile in 1977, he was taught in Australia and is now in New York at the New School for Social Research. He has published widely, in several languages, on the philosophy of art, political theory, and history.

Verner, The Crisis of Russian Autocracy, 58. Witte was even (briefly) prime
minister in the aftermath of the 1905 revolution in Russia. Ibid., 319–25.
Additional speculation regarding the tsar's motivation in dismissing Witte in
August 1903 is ...

Author: Bailey Stone

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers

ISBN: 9781538131381

Category: France

Page: 320

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"Reconsidering the English, French, and Russian revolutions, this book offers an important approach to the theoretical and comparative study of revolutions. Stone proposes an innovative 'neostructuralist' synthesis of competing structuralist and postmodernist theory that marks a critical advance in our understanding of revolution"--

Growing Soviet criticism of the Brezhnev period not only undercut the policies
pursued in Eastern Europe in the 1970s and early 1980s ; as scholars
increasingly traced the origins of the USSR ' s crisis back to earlier phases of its
... in Eastern Europe by pressuring them to adopt reform programs , the fact was
that leading Soviet reformers increasingly argued that the problem was systemic
in nature .

Author: Ronald D. Asmus

Publisher: Rand Corporation

ISBN: STANFORD:36105044553969

Category: Europe, Eastern

Page: 177

View: 444

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This report analyzes the collapse of Communist rule in Eastern Europe in 1989 and assesses the role of changes in Soviet foreign policy in precipitating this collapse. It finds that the preceding 40 years of economic and social failure by the Communist regimes, the illegitimacy of Communist rule, the consolidation of societal opposition, loss of confidence in the ruling elites, and the improvement in East-West relations created the conditions leading to the collapse of Communist rule. However, the change in Soviet foreign policy under Gorbachev was the precipitating event. Once change began, the removal of the Communist leadership in one country led to upheavals in others. The Soviet leadership did not foresee the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe; rather, it believed that the old regimes would be replaced by reformers. It also failed to see the unification of Germany as an outcome of the collapse of the Honecker regime. In the future, Soviet influence in Eastern Europe will be diminished but will not ebb to the low levels of the pre-World War II era. Economic and mutual security concerns will continue to tie Eastern Europe to the Soviet Union (or its successor), although much more loosely than in the past.

For if these three fail to agree in a crisis , Europe will in fact be opting out , while if
they are united on the need to take action , Europe will ... CENTRE FOR
EUROPEAN REFORM publications * Unilateral America and Europe ' s military
revolution.

Author: Gilles Andréani

Publisher:

ISBN: STANFORD:36105112192021

Category: Europe

Page: 86

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De tre forfattere mener at de forsvars- og udenrigspolitiske institutioner i Europa bør styrkes og at EUs budget bør finansiere våbenprogrammerne

Thence the terrible monetary crisis of 1825 , the long - continued and widespread
suffering which followed that catastrophe , the Reform revolution which that
suffering induced , the total change in the commercial policy of the empire which
 ...

Author: Archibald Alison

Publisher: Edinburgh London, W. Blackwood and sons

ISBN: NYPL:33433082474143

Category: Europe

Page:

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Thence the terrible monetary crisis of 1825 , the long - continued and widespread
suffering which followed that catastrophe , the Reform revolution which that
suffering induced , the total change in the commercial policy of the empire which
 ...

Author:

Publisher:

ISBN: IBNR:CR102020399

Category:

Page: 643

View: 742

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... crisis of 11. To put this domestic currency 1825 and 1831 contributed to swell
on a proper footing , it is indispensable ... it should be issued by Govern- which at
length found vent in the ment , and Government only , and on Reform revolution .

Author: Archibald Alison

Publisher:

ISBN: IND:30000152567008

Category: Europe

Page:

View: 686

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I argue that the West European left as a whole , at this time , was limited in its
capacity to learn from the Prague Spring . ... As for today , I argue that the left
should seriously question the ' reform versus revolution ' standard , the paradigm
by ...

Author:

Publisher:

ISBN: STANFORD:36105113559020

Category: Capitalism

Page:

View: 590

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Berend leads the reader skillfully through the maze of social, cultural, economic, and political changes in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Austria, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and the Soviet Union, ...

Author: Ivan T. Berend

Publisher: Univ of California Press

ISBN: 052092701X

Category: History

Page: 485

View: 273

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Only by understanding Central and Eastern Europe's turbulent history during the first half of the twentieth century can we hope to make sense of the conflicts and crises that have followed World War II and, after that, the collapse of Soviet-controlled state socialism. Ivan Berend looks closely at the fateful decades preceding World War II and at twelve countries whose absence from the roster of major players was enough in itself, he says, to precipitate much of the turmoil. As waves of modernization swept over Europe, the less developed countries on the periphery tried with little or no success to imitate Western capitalism and liberalism. Instead they remained, as Berend shows, rural, agrarian societies notable for the tenacious survival of feudal and aristocratic institutions. In that context of frustration and disappointment, rebellion was inevitable. Berend leads the reader skillfully through the maze of social, cultural, economic, and political changes in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Austria, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and the Soviet Union, showing how every path ended in dictatorship and despotism by the start of World War II.

This important collection explores how Mexico’s tumultuous past informs its uncertain present and future. Cycles of crisis and reform, of conflict and change, have marked Mexico’s modern history.

Author: Elisa Servín

Publisher: Duke University Press

ISBN: 9780822389934

Category: History

Page: 422

View: 204

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This important collection explores how Mexico’s tumultuous past informs its uncertain present and future. Cycles of crisis and reform, of conflict and change, have marked Mexico’s modern history. The final decades of the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries each brought efforts to integrate Mexico into globalizing economies, pressures on the country’s diverse peoples, and attempts at reform. The crises of the late eighteenth century and the late nineteenth led to revolutionary mobilizations and violent regime changes. The wars for independence that began in 1810 triggered conflicts that endured for decades; the national revolution that began in 1910 shaped Mexico for most of the twentieth century. In 2000, the PRI, which had ruled for more than seventy years, was defeated in an election some hailed as “revolution by ballot.” Mexico now struggles with the legacies of a late-twentieth-century crisis defined by accelerating globalization and the breakdown of an authoritarian regime that was increasingly unresponsive to historic mandates and popular demands. Leading Mexicanists—historians and social scientists from Mexico, the United States, and Europe—examine the three fin-de-siècle eras of crisis. They focus on the role of the country’s communities in advocating change from the eighteenth century to the present. They compare Mexico’s revolutions of 1810 and 1910 and consider whether there might be a twenty-first-century recurrence or whether a globalizing, urbanizing, and democratizing world has so changed Mexico that revolution is improbable. Reflecting on the political changes and social challenges of the late twentieth century, the contributors ask if a democratic transition is possible and, if so, whether it is sufficient to address twenty-first-century demands for participation and justice. Contributors. Antonio Annino, Guillermo de la Peña, François-Xavier Guerra, Friedrich Katz, Alan Knight, Lorenzo Meyer, Leticia Reina, Enrique Semo, Elisa Servín, John Tutino, Eric Van Young

Peace , secured to Europe for a long series of years by the events of 1815 ,
revived the hope in the minds of reflecting men that the time was now certainly
fast approaching , when those reforms so long projected and B 3 THE AUSTRIAN
 ...

Author: William Peake

Publisher:

ISBN: MINN:31951002064352A

Category: Austria

Page:

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The East European reforms contribute to the strength and stability of West
European political values , allowing Western Europe to ... The societal , cultural
and political level of development in the individual countries affects the shape
and coherence of their process of revolution . ... Western reactions to current and
future reforms and also to their possible negative spin - offs in economic and
political crises .

Author: Barry Buzan

Publisher: Burns & Oates

ISBN: UOM:39015018980857

Category: Political Science

Page: 282

View: 501

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SCOTT (copy 1): From the Joohn Holmes Library Collection.

Jeremy J. Whiteman. As with the Dutch crisis, this revolt in Belgium threatened to
bring about a dramatic change in the European status quo. In so doing, it also
threatened to widen the war then raging among the Northern and Eastern powers
.

Author: Jeremy J. Whiteman

Publisher: Routledge

ISBN: 9781351905879

Category: History

Page: 280

View: 157

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The period following the American War of Independence was, for the France of Louis XVI, the high water mark of its diplomatic prestige. With France's arch-rival, Britain, humbled by the loss of her main north American colonies and deprived of any significant continental alliances, Louis felt confident that France could at last re-assume its natural role as the economic, political and military leader of Europe. That this did not happen, and if anything France's international prestige sunk even lower, was a bitter pill for its rulers, and one that was to have important ramifications beyond the sphere of foreign policy. Indeed, continued frustration at France's impotence on the world stage became a pressing domestic issue, with radically opposing solutions being put forward to bring about a 'national regeneration'. This work focuses on the policy responses of the National Constituent Assembly to the issues of global competition, especially in the maritime, colonial and economic sphere, and with particular reference to Anglo-French rivalry. These responses are contrasted to the policies of the 'reforming' royal government of the Pre-Revolution of 1787-1789. From this analysis of the Old and New Regimes' respective global policies, it is shown how French responses to the demands of international competition played a role in both fostering and shaping the Revolution of 1789. Moreover, Whiteman argues that in spite of profound ideological differences, in material terms there was a significant degree of continuity between the policies of the Constituent deputies and the Old Regime royal government.

Author: Universal Reference System

Publisher:

ISBN: STANFORD:36105117187265

Category: Political planning

Page:

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Author: Hans A. Schmitt

Publisher: University of Virginia Press

ISBN: 0813911532

Category: History

Page: 257

View: 958

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While mainly focusing on the modern era and on the effects of ethnic nationalism, fascism and communism, the book also offers original, striking and revisionist coverage of: * ancient and medieval times * the Hussite Revolution, the ...

Author: Robert Bideleux

Publisher: Routledge

ISBN: 9781134719853

Category: History

Page: 704

View: 972

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A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change is a wide-ranging single volume history of the "lands between", the lands which have lain between Germany, Italy, and the Tsarist and Soviet empires. Bideleux and Jeffries examine the problems that have bedevilled this troubled region during its imperial past, the interwar period, under fascism, under communism, and since 1989. While mainly focusing on the modern era and on the effects of ethnic nationalism, fascism and communism, the book also offers original, striking and revisionist coverage of: * ancient and medieval times * the Hussite Revolution, the Renaissance, the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation * the legacies of Byzantium, the Ottoman Empire and the Hapsburg Empire * the rise and decline of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth * the impact of the region's powerful Russian and Germanic neighbours * rival concepts of "Central" and "Eastern" Europe * the 1920s land reforms and the 1930s Depression. Providing a thematic historical survey and analysis of the formative processes of change which have played the paramount roles in shaping the development of the region, A History of Eastern Europe itself will play a paramount role in the studies of European historians.

Author:

Publisher:

ISBN: UCSC:32106012086218

Category: Political science

Page:

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Author:

Publisher:

ISBN: UOM:39015072423570

Category: History, Modern

Page:

View: 760

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The crisis in the socio - economic systems of East - Central Europe became
steadily more acute because of the delay in ... property was replaced by
bourgeois ownership through partial reforms , revolutions , revolts , and general
regulations .

Author: Tibor Iván Berend

Publisher:

ISBN: 0231083491

Category: Europe, Eastern

Page: 402

View: 705

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