Scuba Physiological

Scuba Physiological

Neither the physics of scuba diving nor the physiological changes associated with it are fully understood. Technical diving and other dives that push the limits of the algorithms carry a higher risk of DCS.

Author: Simon Pridmore

Publisher: Simon Pridmore

ISBN: PKEY:6610000270477

Category: Sports & Recreation

Page: 264

View: 930

If you are a diver, what you learned about topics such as decompression sickness and narcosis in your scuba diving classes is unlikely to have been as complete as you thought. Most of it will have been over-simplified and some of it will just have been plain wrong, as diver training agency texts have not kept pace with the science. Scuba Physiological gives you a chance to catch up. A recent book called The Science of Diving was a collation of work done by scientists in the field of decompression research as part of a three-year project called PHYPODE (Physiology of Decompression). The book did not reach the diving public; mainly because it was written by scientists for other scientists and they speak a different language than most of us. Simon Pridmore is not an expert on diving medicine but he knows something good when he sees it. When Simon read The Science of Diving (with help from Google), he thought it was worthwhile working on it to try to make it more accessible. The original authors agreed that this was a good idea and Scuba Physiological is the result. There have been great advances to make diving safer, but, despite nearly 170 years of research, the fundamental nature of decompression sickness and decompression stress remains unknown and there are still glaring gaps in our knowledge. Scuba Physiological provides a good summary of what we know, as well as a glimpse of where the science is taking us and some invaluable tips to make you a safer diver now. Among many other things, you will learn: 1. Pre-dive hydration, exposure to heat, whole body vibration and oxygen breathing may reduce the risk of DCS. 2. Post-dive, our bodies have most bubbles running around them 30 to 40 minutes AFTER we have surfaced. Post-dive hydration and certain other post-dive behaviours are therefore also essential. 3. The effects of nitrogen narcosis continue for a period of time AFTER a dive. 4. All dive computers have a known DCS risk rate. 5. Exercise during the period up to 120 minutes after surfacing may increase your risk of DCS. 6. Never use a weightlifter's breath-hold and release technique when pulling yourself into the boat post-dive. 7. A little dark chocolate before a dive may be a good thing for you. What the experts say: “With this latest volume, Simon Pridmore makes a significant contribution to the body of practical knowledge in the science of scuba diving. If you are looking for a thorough understanding of the science of diving and how it might be impacting your safety and enjoyment of diving, this book is a must read.” Dan Orr, President, Academy of Underwater Arts & Sciences and President Emeritus, Divers Alert Network Foundation "This book makes it easy to understand the latest discoveries in diving research and our current understanding of what happens to our bodies when we dive." JP Imbert: Decompression designer and technical diving pioneer "There are some lovely thought-provoking ideas and questioning of current dogma. This book is well worth the read. " Dr Ian Sibley-Calder, HSE Approved Medical Examiner of Divers, Occupational Health Physician "This book is an excellent discussion of the issues. It is an enjoyable, simplified read of a complex subject and easy for a non-scientist to comprehend. I consider this an essential text for every diver's shelf." Joseph Dituri PhD (c), CDR, US Navy Saturation Diving
Categories: Sports & Recreation

The physiological consequences of breath hold diving in marine mammals the Scholander legacy

The physiological consequences of breath hold diving in marine mammals  the Scholander legacy

“Comparative diving physiology,” in Physiology and Medicine of Diving, eds A. O. Brubakk and T. S. Neuman (Edine burgh: Saunders), 2114226. Ridgway, S. H., and Howard, R. (1979). Dolphin lung collapse and intra muscular circulation ...

Author: Andreas Fahlman

Publisher: Frontiers E-books

ISBN: 2889191001

Category:

Page: 155

View: 399

Breath-hold diving marine mammals are able to remain submerged for prolonged periods of time and dive to phenomenal depths while foraging. A number of physiological, biochemical and behavioral traits have been suggested that enable this life style, including the diving response, lung collapse, increased O2 stores, diving induced hypometabolism, and stroke-and-glide behavior to reduce dive metabolic cost. Since the initial studies by Scholander in the 1940‘s, when most of the physiological and biochemical traits were suggested, few have received as much study as the diving response and O2 management. The calculated aerobic dive limit (cADL) was an important concept which allowed calculation of the aerobic dive duration, and was defined as the total O2 stores divided by the rate of O2 consumption (metabolic rate). The total O2 stores have been defined for several species, and studies in both forced and freely diving animals have refined the metabolic cost of diving. Currently there appears to be little consensus about whether marine mammals perform a significant proportion of dives exceeding the cADL or not and there may be large differences between species. The diving response is a conserved physiological trait believed to arise from natural selection. The response includes diving-induced bradycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, and altered blood flow distribution. While the response results in reduced cardiac work, it is not clear whether this is required to reduce the overall metabolic rate. An alternate hypothesis is that the primary role of the diving bradycardia is to regulate the degree of hypoxia in skeletal muscle so that blood and muscle O2 stores can be used more efficiently. Scholander suggested that the respiratory anatomy of marine mammals resulted in alveolar collapse at shallow depths (lung collapse), thereby limiting gas exchange. This trait would limit uptake of N2 and thereby reduce the risk of inert gas bubble formation and decompression sickness. In his initial treatise, Scholander suggested that alveolar collapse probably made inert gas bubble formation unlikely during a single dive, but that repeated dives could result in significant accumulation that could be risky. Despite this, lung collapse has been quoted as the main adaptation by which marine mammals reduce N2 levels and inert gas bubble formation. It was surprising, therefore, when recent necropsy reports from mass stranded whales indicated DCS like symptoms. More recent studies have shown that live marine mammals appear to experience bubbles under certain circumstances. These results raise some interesting questions. For example, are marine mammals ever at risk of DCS, and if so could N2 accumulation limit dive performance? While an impressive number of studies have provided a theoretical framework that explains the mechanistic basis of the diving response, and O2 management, many questions remain, some widely-accepted ideas actually lack sufficient experimental confirmation, and a variety of marine mammal species, potentially novel models for elucidating new diving adaptations, are understudied. The aim of this Frontiers Topic is to provide a synthesis of the current knowledge about the physiological responses of marine mammals that underlie their varied dive behavior. We also include novel contributions that challenge current ideas and that probe new hypotheses, utilize new experimental approaches, and explore new model species. We show that the field has recently entered a phase of renewed discovery that is not only unraveling more secrets of the natural diving response but will drive new applications to aid human exploration of the ocean depths. We also welcome comparative analyses, especially contributions that compare marine mammals with human divers.
Categories:

The Cellular Stress Response and Physiological Adaptations of Corals Subjected to Environmental Stressors and Pollutants

The Cellular Stress Response and Physiological Adaptations of Corals Subjected to Environmental Stressors and Pollutants

TABLE 2 | Experimental techniques available for in situ monitoring of coral physiological processes. Sampling frequency SCUBA FRR, SCUBA-based fast respiration rate fluorometer; SCUBA PAM fluorometry, SCUBA-based pulse amplitude ...

Author: Davide Seveso

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

ISBN: 9782889765843

Category: Science

Page: 268

View: 607

Categories: Science

Diving Physiology of Marine Mammals and Seabirds

Diving Physiology of Marine Mammals and Seabirds

Nonetheless, DCS-like symptoms have been reported in breath-hold divers. Pearl divers from the Tuamotu Archipelago reported vertigo, syncope, partial paralysis, and even death after diving (Cross, 1965).

Author: Paul J. Ponganis

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

ISBN: 9780521765558

Category: Nature

Page: 351

View: 687

An up-to-date synthesis of comparative diving physiology research, illustrating the features of dive performance and its biomedical and ecological relevance.
Categories: Nature

Scuba Compendium

Scuba Compendium

The authors of The Science of Diving (the book I rewrote for laymen divers as Scuba Physiological) addressed the topic in their usual straightforward no-nonsense manner. They pointed out that the three principles of DCI treatment are ...

Author: Simon Pridmore

Publisher: Simon Pridmore

ISBN: PKEY:6610000305278

Category: Sports & Recreation

Page: 1200

View: 704

Only available in e-book form, this is the presentation in one volume of four books in Simon Pridmore's Scuba series: Scuba Fundamental, Scuba Confidential, Scuba Exceptional and Scuba Professional. In musical terms, Scuba Compendium is a re-mastering and repackaging of the original albums rather than a greatest hits or a Best of compilation. The books were written and published over a period of eight years and each book was designed for divers at a particular point in their diving life. Listed in the order they were written, the audience for Scuba Confidential was the general population of divers; Scuba Professional was for those thinking of making a career out of the sport; Scuba Fundamental was for non-divers and beginners and Scuba Exceptional was for more experienced divers. The idea was not to create a series. It just turned out that way. A number of topics merited inclusion for multiple groups of readers - rebreathers and surface safety for example - which meant that there was some unavoidable overlap between the individual books. In Scuba Compendium, the text and chapters have been cleaned up and streamlined to remove any unnecessary repetition and improve continuity. Apart from this, nothing is missing from the four original books and the only new material is an introductory chapter on the philosophy behind the Scuba series. So, if you already own all the books in the Scuba series, from a content point of view you have no need to buy this one. However, from a reference point of view, some readers may find it an advantage to have these four books in one volume where every word or phrase in the series is easily searchable on an e-reader. They are arranged here in the order in which they make sense as a series, following the path from beginner to diver to experienced diver to expert. Scuba Compendium covers the full gamut of the sport diving experience and is a resource that will accompany a scuba diver throughout their career in the sport, wherever it takes them, to be dipped back into from time to time whenever necessary. If you only own one or two books in the series, then you may find Scuba Compendium well worthwhile for another reason too. For instance, if you are not a beginner, you may think you don't need to read Scuba Fundamental, but many experienced divers have found it useful and entertaining. Also, Scuba Professional introduces a number of topics, such as real risk awareness and constructive paranoia, which are just as relevant for amateur divers as they are for professionals. Although the title makes it sound as if Scuba Professional is only for instructors, this is certainly not the case. And, of course, if you have not yet bought any of these four Scuba series books, then this is a great option to buy all of them together with just one click. "Scuba Fundamental is a great book! Simon Pridmore is to be congratulated for this insightful, interesting and honest introduction to scuba diving. He tells it as it is!" John Lippmann, Divers Alert Network "If PADI's Open-Water manual is the Bible of scuba diving, consider this the New Testament." David Espinosa, Editor in Chief, Sport Diver magazines "I so wish Scuba Exceptional had existed when I was in the early days of my diving life nearly 30 years ago!" Phil Short, explorer and pioneer "There is quite simply nothing like Scuba Professional. It is the ultimate backstage pass into the business of scuba." Jill Heinerth, explorer and filmmaker
Categories: Sports & Recreation

Scuba Professional

Scuba Professional

WHY SCUBA PHYSIOLOGICAL? I am not a doctor, nor am I a scientist. But the people who wrote the chapters in this book are scientists and doctors: sometimes both. Between 2009 and 2012, a project called “PHYPODE” (Physiology of ...

Author: Simon Pridmore

Publisher: Sandsmedia via PublishDrive

ISBN: PKEY:6610000143368

Category: Sports & Recreation

Page: 307

View: 812

Scuba Professional introduces readers of Simon Pridmore's other books, Scuba Fundamental, Scuba Confidential and Scuba Exceptional to a whole new level of the sport. Whereas the other books focus on how to scuba dive, Scuba Professional looks at how diving is taught and how dive operations are conducted. Scuba Professional is an excellent source of out-of-the-box ideas and independent, objective advice for instructors and dive operators. It is also an indispensable guide for those aspiring to become dive professionals with chapters such as Do You Have What It Takes? and Which Training Agency? In short, this is everything you wanted to know about working in scuba diving but never dared to ask. Scuba Professional is not only for professionals. Serious divers who take more than a passing interest in their hobby and want to know what goes on behind the scenes will be fascinated by the topics addressed and the insights offered. From a dive safety point of view, Simon looks at the bigger picture and, in a series of chapters on avoiding and handling accidents, sets out a framework for developing the safety culture within our sport. He also examines the present state of key aspects of the dive industry and speculates as to the future. There is quite simply nothing like this book: the ultimate backstage pass into the business of scuba. Jill Heinerth, Technical Instructor Trainer & Filmmaker Terrific, really good! Simon captures the key characteristics of the diving instruction milieu with insight and clarity. Associate Professor Simon Mitchell, Diving Physician The closest thing we have to an insiders guide to the dive industry. Peter Symes Publisher X-Ray Magazine I wish this book had been available 20 years ago! Tamara Thomsen, Owner Diversions Scuba, Madison
Categories: Sports & Recreation

Exercise Physiology

Exercise Physiology

Nitrogen narcosis Key points SCUBA diving: ➤ Physiological challenge relates to the high pressures encountered in the hyperbaric underwater environment. ➤ Problems associated with diving include: Squeezes Pneumothorax Nitrogen ...

Author: Nick Draper

Publisher: Routledge

ISBN: 9781317902607

Category: Medical

Page: 576

View: 390

Exercise Physiology for Health and Sports Performance brings together all the essential human anatomy and applied physiology that students of exercise science, physical education and sports coaching need to know. Written in a friendly, accessible style and containing a wide range of features to help develop understanding, this book provides a complete one-stop-shop for exercise physiology. The book is split into two key parts. Part One introduces the fundamental principles of nutrition, biochemistry, cell biology and the energy systems. Part Two builds on this foundation by applying the theory to exercise and sports performance in practice. With this innovative approach, the text enables you to become confident in your knowledge and understanding of energy generation and training principles for all sports. Including coverage of exercise in extreme environments and applications of physical activity for health, this will be the only exercise physiology textbook you will need!
Categories: Medical

Scuba Confidential

Scuba Confidential

Scuba Exceptional - Become the Best Diver You Can Be may be the fifth in my Scuba series of books, ... The Science of Diving by Costantino Balestra and Peter Germonpre, which I rewrote for layman divers and called Scuba Physiological.

Author: Simon Pridmore

Publisher: Sandsmedia via PublishDrive

ISBN: PKEY:6610000143061

Category: Sports & Recreation

Page: 352

View: 790

Scuba Confidential is a unique book packed full of valuable tips and expert advice, giving you unprecedented access to the secrets of dive professionals and technical divers. With Scuba Confidential, you will learn how to master skills and techniques that will make you a more confident, capable and safe diver. It offers an informed, balanced view on some of scuba diving's most contentious issues like going solo, deep diving and rebreathers and includes a comprehensive analysis of how diving accidents happen and how to make sure you do not become a statistic. Scuba Confidential also gives you valuable insights on a vast range of topics such as what it is like to do a cave diving course, how to make sure you buy the right equipment, what to consider when choosing an instructor, things even the pros get wrong and where to find the best diving in the world. This is candid, no-nonsense practical advice from a professional who has been involved over the last three decades with virtually every aspect of the sport. Have you ever wondered? How to look as comfortable in the water as the professionals do? What it is like to dive inside shipwrecks? Which training courses are most worthwhile? If you would make a good technical diver? If you should be considering a rebreather? How you can improve your diving skills? How you can reduce your air consumption? Why diving accidents happen and how to prevent them? Whether you might sometimes actually be safer solo diving? How to dive deep safely? Or How muck diving can possibly be any fun? Scuba Confidential has the answers to these questions and many more.
Categories: Sports & Recreation

Scuba Exceptional

Scuba Exceptional

Become the Best Diver You Can Be Simon Pridmore ... Scuba Exceptional may be the fifth in my Scuba series of books, but it is actually the true follow up to the first ... which I rewrote for layman divers and called Scuba Physiological.

Author: Simon Pridmore

Publisher: Sandsmedia via PublishDrive

ISBN: PKEY:6610000143351

Category: Sports & Recreation

Page: 305

View: 214

Scuba Exceptional is the perfect sequel to Simon Pridmore's Scuba Confidential - An Insider's Guide to Becoming a Better Diver. It reflects the same philosophy of safe diving through the acquisition of knowledge and skills. The themes are new, there are some wonderful and extremely useful new cautionary tales and the focus this time is more on issues that face experienced divers. For example, there is more technical diving content but, as usual, Simon covers complex issues in his usual clear and easy-to-read style. In many cases, the concerns of technical divers reflect those of scuba divers at every level. After all, as he says, technical diving is on the same spectrum as conventional sport diving: it is just a different frequency. Scuba Exceptional also deals in detail with the psychological approach to scuba diving, broaching topics from new angles and borrowing techniques and procedures from other fields of human activity. While most of Scuba Exceptional focuses on the diver, it also takes a look at the wider picture and highlights a number of areas where scuba diving professionals and the “industry” as a whole are letting divers down. As always, Simon is realistic in his assessments. He may shine a little light on the dark side of the scuba diving world, but he does this in order to illuminate bad practice and encourage change, while offering solutions. He also provides insights on a wide range of topics. For instance, do you want to know... what makes someone a good diver? how to swim against a current without getting exhausted? how you can be out of air while you still have plenty to breathe? what the concept of failure points is? how to be a defensive diver? how preconditioning applies to scuba diving? how long you should really wait between diving and flying? when to call DAN (and when not to call)? how corals could possibly be animals when they look like rocks? how to avoid being left behind in the ocean? what’s happening in the world of rebreather diving? or what the perimeter of ignorance is? Scuba Exceptional has the answers to these questions and a lot more
Categories: Sports & Recreation

Basic Exercise Physiology

Basic Exercise Physiology

Humans are not physiologically and anatomically well adapted to the ambient conditions of diving which during submersion to elevated ambient pressure (hyperbaric conditions) both, breath-hold dives and with SCUBA (breathing gas supply), ...

Author: Moran S. Saghiv

Publisher: Springer Nature

ISBN: 9783030488062

Category: Medical

Page: 582

View: 164

This book reviews the assessment of human performance and the role of different exercise modes both in a laboratory and clinical setting. Details of how to successfully perform basic laboratory procedures for exercise training in health and disease, as well as how to apply non-invasive measurements in exercise physiology are provided. Chapters cover how to appropriately use a range of measures in assessing pulmonary function, anaerobic function and oxygen uptake. Techniques for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and the mechanisms associated with thermoregulation are also described. Interactive exercises enable readers to easily assimilate key concepts and develop a thorough understanding of the topic. Basic Exercise Physiology provides both trainees and professional healthcare staff interested in exercise physiology with a detailed and practically applicable resource on the topic.
Categories: Medical