The Physiological Mechanisms of Motivation

Author: D.W. PfaffPublish On: 2012-12-06
The Physiological Mechanisms of Motivation

This volume results from that course. The deans and administration at Rockefeller University provided much help in planning the course, and the staff of Springer-Verlag assisted in planning the book.

Author: D.W. Pfaff

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

ISBN: 9781461256922

Category: Nature

Page: 482

View: 916

To scientists engaged in research on the cellular mechanisms in the mammalian brain, concepts of "motivation" seem to be a logical neces sity, even if they are not fashionable. Immersed in the detailed, time consuming research required to deal with mammalian nerve cells, we usually pay scant attention to the more global brain -behavior questions that have arisen from decades of biological and psychological studies. We felt it was time to confront these issues-namely, how far has neuro biological investigation come in uncovering mechanisms by which moti vational signals influence behavior? At Rockefeller University, we have recently held a course on this subject. We restricted our treatment to those motivational systems most tractable to physiological approaches, and invited scientists skilled in both behavioral issues and physiological techniques to participate. This volume results from that course. The deans and administration at Rockefeller University provided much help in planning the course, and the staff of Springer-Verlag assisted in planning the book. Gabriele Zummer helped organize both the course and the processing of book chapters. They all deserve our thanks. December 1981 Donald W. Pfaff Professor of Neurobiology and Behavior Rockefeller University Contents Part One: Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 1 Donald W. Pfaff Motivational Concepts: Definitions and Distinctions . . . . . . . . . . 3 Motivation: A Brief Review of Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Reinforcement, Reward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Incentive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Arousal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Emotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Motivation Is a Unitary Behavioral Concept with Multiple Neurophysiological Mechanisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Chapter 2 Alan N.
Categories: Nature

Learning Motivation and Their Physiological Mechanisms

Author: Neal E. MillerPublish On: 2017-07-28
Learning Motivation and Their Physiological Mechanisms

Is this because of a fundamental difference in the physiological mechanisms involved, or because it is possible to ... The desire to answer this question motivated us to use direct electrical stimulation of the brain as a quick way ...

Author: Neal E. Miller

Publisher: Routledge

ISBN: 9781351509220

Category: Psychology

Page: 502

View: 640

Neal E. Miller's pioneering work in experimental psychology has earned him worldwide respect. This second in a two-volume collection of his work brings together forty-three of Miller's most important and representative essays on learning, motivation, and their physiological mechanisms. They were selected on the basis of their current relevance and their historical significance at the time they were published. In order to emphasize the main themes, essays on a given topic have been grouped together.Learning, Motivation, and Their Physiological Mechanisms begins when the author first discovered the thrill of designing and executing experiments to get clear-cut answers concerning the behavior of children and of rats. The first study was one of the earliest ones on the behavioral effects of the recently synthesized male hormone, testosterone. The second was one of the earliest studies demonstrating the value of using a variety of behavioral techniques to investigate the motivational effects of a physiological intervention. The next studies investigated the satisfying and rewarding effects of food or water in the stomach versus in the mouth and the thirst-inducing and reducing effects of hyper- and hypotonic solutions, respectively, injected into the brain. The last study describes a technique devised for extending the analysis of the mechanism of hunger to the effects of humoral factors in the blood.The study is completed with an examination of trial-and-error learning that was motivated by direct electrical stimulation of the brain and rewarded by the termination of such stimulation. Other studies show that the stimulation via such electrodes not only elicits eating, but also has the principal motivational characteristics of normal hunger. The conclusion deals with a series of experiments that overthrows strong traditional beliefs by proving that glandular and visceral responses mediated by the autonomic nervous system are subject to instrumental learning, which can be
Categories: Psychology

The Psychobiology of Human Motivation

Author: Hugh WagnerPublish On: 2021-02-04
The Psychobiology of Human Motivation

In this book we will be concerned mainly with physiological psychology; the study of the physiological mechanisms underlying behaviour and mental processes. Since most of our information about physiological mechanisms of motivation ...

Author: Hugh Wagner

Publisher: Routledge

ISBN: 9781000340105

Category: Psychology

Page: 132

View: 533

This is a classic edition of Hugh Wagner’s influential overview of the biopsychological underpinnings of human motivation. It includes a new foreword written by Michael Richter who reflects on Wagner’s 20 years of teaching, writing and research in the field of biopsychology and promises an engaging, succinct and accessible introductory text that remains relevant and useful to students today. The Psychobiology of Human Motivation explores what directs our behaviour, from basic physiological needs like hunger and thirst to more complex aspects of social behaviour like altruism. Wagner explores the limits of biological explanations and shows how humans can influence ‘basic’ physiological drives in order to adapt to a complex social environment. An accessible, engaging resource strengthened by many applied examples, Wagner’s text continues to be integral reading for undergraduate students seeking a solid introduction to the psychology of human motivation across the social and behavioural sciences.
Categories: Psychology

A Textbook of Physiological Psychology

Author: Sebastian Peter GrossmanPublish On: 1967
A Textbook of Physiological Psychology

Lindsley, D. B. Psychophysiology and motivation. In Nebraska symposium on motivation. M. R. Jones, Ed. Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press, ... Morgan, C. T. Physiological mechanisms of motivation. In Nebraska symposium on motivation.

Author: Sebastian Peter Grossman

Publisher:

ISBN: UOM:39015000578610

Category: Psychophysiology

Page: 966

View: 494

Categories: Psychophysiology

Changing Concepts of the Nervous System

Author: Adrian MorrisonPublish On: 2012-12-02
Changing Concepts of the Nervous System

It will be complemented by the forthcoming volume on "Motivation" that will be included in the "Handbook of Behavioral Neuro— biology," and by the book titled "The Physiological Mechanisms of Motivation," which is being edited by Donald ...

Author: Adrian Morrison

Publisher: Elsevier

ISBN: 9780323142243

Category: Nature

Page: 846

View: 558

Changing Concepts of the Nervous System, presents the proceedings of the First Institute of Neurological Sciences Symposium in Neurobiology, held at the University of Pennsylvania in October 1980. The book is divided into four parts consisting of mini symposia on different aspects of the neurosciences. The first mini symposia discuss the anatomical, physiological, developmental, and behavioral plasticity of the nervous system. The second mini symposia cover the changing concepts of the central visual system. The idea of the biological basis of the concept of motivation and its behavioral manifestations from both theoretical and experimental aspects is examined in the third mini symposia. The final mini symposia tackle the four aspects of studies on memory: amnesia (consolidation and retrieval), the role of catecholamines, the role of proteins, and the role of peptides. Anatomists, neurobiologists, neuroscientists, and students and researchers in the field of neuroscience will find the book invaluable.
Categories: Nature

Knobil and Neill s Physiology of Reproduction

Author: Ernst KnobilPublish On: 2006
Knobil and Neill s Physiology of Reproduction

In The Physiological Mechanisms of Motivation ( D. W. Pfaff , Ed . ) , pp . 287-317 . Springer - Verlag , New York . 819. Bodnar , R. , Commons , K. , and Pfaff , D. ( 2002 ) . Central Neural States Relating Sex and Pain .

Author: Ernst Knobil

Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing

ISBN: 012515402X

Category: Mammals

Page: 1550

View: 583

The 3rd edition, the first new one in ten years, includes coverage of molecular levels of detail arising from the last decade's explosion of information at this level of organismic organization. There are 5 new Associate Editors and about 2/3 of the chapters have new authors. Chapters prepared by return authors are extensively revised. Several new chapters have been added on the topic of pregnancy, reflecting the vigorous investigation of this topic during the last decade.The information covered includes both human and experimental animals; basic principels are sought, and information at the organismic and molecular levels are presented. *The leading comprehensive work on the physiology of reproduction*Edited and authored by the world's leading scientists in the field*Is a synthesis of the molecular, cellular, and organismic levels of organization*Bibliogrpahics of chapters are extensive and cover all the relevant literature
Categories: Mammals

The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Economic Behaviour

Author: Alan LewisPublish On: 2018-02-15
The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Economic Behaviour

Their existence invites reflections about the underlying motivation to act. Primary reinforcers are shared, with some variance, by all humans and by many other species (Herrnstein, 1990). This fact and the physiological mechanisms ...

Author: Alan Lewis

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

ISBN: 9781108548786

Category: Psychology

Page: 808

View: 265

There has recently been an escalated interest in the interface between psychology and economics. The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Economic Behaviour is a valuable reference dedicated to improving our understanding of the economic mind and economic behaviour. Employing empirical methods - including laboratory and field experiments, observations, questionnaires and interviews - the Handbook provides comprehensive coverage of theory and method, financial and consumer behaviour, the environment and biological perspectives. This second edition also includes new chapters on topics such as neuroeconomics, unemployment, debt, behavioural public finance, and cutting-edge work on fuzzy trace theory and robots, cyborgs and consumption. With distinguished contributors from a variety of countries and theoretical backgrounds, the Handbook is an important step forward in the improvement of communications between the disciplines of psychology and economics that will appeal to academic researchers and graduates in economic psychology and behavioral economics.
Categories: Psychology