The point of this discussion is to show that federal public spending has a high degree of rigidity and exogeneity, and that therefore when the topic of “who decides on public expenditures” is discussed in the context of the federal ...

Author: Carlos Scartascini

Publisher: Inter-American Development Bank

ISBN: 9781597821995

Category: Business & Economics

Page: 335

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This book presents a new framework for analyzing the political economy of budget processes in Latin America that is based on the following premises: i) the budget process must be considered as part of the overall policymaking process rather than in isolation; ii) budget outcomes cannot be fully explained on the basis of only one or two political or institutional dimensions; iii) actual practices must be considered as well as formal rules; iv) budget processes affect dimensions of fiscal outcomes besides fiscal sustainability, particularly efficiency, adaptability, and representativeness; v) political actors and their incentives must be considered at different stages of the policymaking process and in different institutional contexts. Case studies are presented for eight countries in the region, and a final chapter presents conclusions and suggestions for further research.

Enabling Choice, Equity, Access, Improved Performance and Patient Guaranteed Care John Spiers, Philip Booth, Neil Russel. - Who Decides Who Decides? and patient guaranteed care JOHN SPERS FOREWORD BY PHLP 500TH Who Decides Who Decides?

Author: John Spiers

Publisher: CRC Press

ISBN: 9781315357362

Category: Medical

Page: 258

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This book makes the case for 'ordinary' people to get the health and social care which the state has promised them for over 60 years but which has not been delivered. What is the case for choice? How can choice be made real for the individual? What impact can genuine, individually financially-empowered choice have on effective funding, purchasing, delivery, and outcomes? How can a genuine market grow and thrive? How can the quest for choice include the large numbers of NHS and social care staff on whom success depends? The book urges individual financial empowerment, through a life-long health savings account for all NHS and social services.

DECIDES? Teachers With Disabilities and the Role of School Administrators Michelle L. Damiani Rowan University ABSTRACT Who decides who can teach, how teachers can teach, and what constitutes “good” teaching?

Author: Catherine A. O'Brien

Publisher: IAP

ISBN: 9781648029134

Category: Education

Page: 735

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Over the last quarter century, educational leadership as a field has developed a broad strand of research that engages issues of social justice, equity and diversity. This effort includes the work of many scholars who advocate for a variety of equity-oriented leadership preparation approaches. Critical scholarship in Education Administration and Educational Politics is concerned with questions of power and in various ways asks questions around who gets to decide. In this volume, we ask who decides how to organize schools around criteria of ability and/or disability and what these decisions imply for leadership in schools. In line with this broader critical tradition of inquiry, this volume seeks to interrogate policies, research and personnel preparation practices which constitute interactions, discourses, and institutions that construct and enact ability and disability within the disciplinary field of education leadership. To do so, we present contributions from multidisciplinary perspectives. The volume is organized around four themes: 1. Leadership and Dis/Ability: Ontology, Epistemology, and Intersectionalities; 2. Educational Leaders and Dis/ability: Policies in Practice; 3. Experience and Power in Schools; 4. Advocacy, Leverage, and the Preparation of School Leaders. Intertwined within each theme are chapters, which explore theoretical and conceptual themes along with chapters that focus on empirical data and narratives that bring personal experiences to the discussion of disabilities and to the multiple ways in which disability shapes experiences in schools. Taken as a whole, the volume covers new territory in the study of educational leadership and dis/abilities at home, school, and work.

Who decides whether to defend the constitutionality of a law enacted by the legislature? And who decides whether the state joins an amicus curiae brief in its high court or the US Supreme Court? These questions have led to plenty of ...

Author: Jeffrey S. Sutton

Publisher: Oxford University Press

ISBN: 9780197582183

Category: Law

Page: 496

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In Who Decides, Jeffrey S. Sutton makes the case that American Constitutional Law should account for the role of the state courts and state constitutions, together with the federal courts and the federal constitution, in establishing the structure of our 51 American governments. An underappreciation of state constitutional law has hurt state and federal law and has undermined the appropriate balance between state and federal courts in protecting liberty.Sutton aims to correct this imbalance and to illustrate the virtues of federalism for all Americans and for all pressing matters of government.

But there is a paradox involved in this: If a person voluntarily chooses to perform an action that is harmful to oneself, this is taken to be a sign of an inability ... And it is in precisely such cases, that the question, “Who decides?

Author: Nora K. Bell

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

ISBN: 9781461258230

Category: Medical

Page: 218

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Many of the demands being voiced for a "humanizing" of health care center on the public's concern that they have some say In determining what happens to the individual in health care institutions. The essays in this volume address fundamental questions of conflicts of rights and autonomy as they affect four selected, controversial areas in health care ethics: the Limits of Professional Autonomy, Refusing! Withdrawing from Treatment, Electing "Heroic" Measures, and Advancing Reproductive Technology. Each of the topics is addressed in such a way that it includes an examination of the locus of responsibility for ethical decision making. The topics are not intended to exhaustively review those areas of health care provision where conflicts of rights might be said to be an issue. Rather they constitute an examination of the difficulties so often encountered in these specific contexts that we hope will illuminate similar conflicts in other problem areas by raising the level of the reader's moral awareness. Many books in bioethics appeal only to a limited audience in spite of the fact that their subject matter is of deep personal concern to everyone. In part, this is true because they are frequently written from the perspective of a single discipline or a single profession. As a result, one is often left with the impression that such a book views the philosophical, historical, and! or theological problems as essentially indifferent to clinical, legal, and! or policy-making problems.

Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data King, Peter, 1960– Housing: who decides? / Peter King, Michael Oxley. p. cm. “First published in Great Britain ...

Author: P. King

Publisher: Springer

ISBN: 9780333981528

Category: Social Science

Page: 193

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Housing: Who Decides ? consists of a debate between a political theorist and an economist on decision-making in housing. Each author develops a normative argument linking theoretical and policy analyses to establish the abilities of the state and individuals to determine housing outcomes.

Carranza, I., J. Chávez, and L. Valderrama. 2009. “Success in Sustainability? The Case of Peru.” In Who Decides the Budget? A Political Economy Analysis of the Budget Process in Latin America, edited by M. Hallerberg, C. Scartascini, ...

Author: Bonvecchi, Alejandro

Publisher: Inter-American Development Bank

ISBN: 9781464815737

Category: Business & Economics

Page: 183

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This book combines an institutional political economy approach to policy making with social network analysis of social policy formulation processes. Based on extensive interviews with governmental and nongovernmental actors, the case studies of social policy formulation in Argentina, The Bahamas, Bolivia, and Trinidad and Tobago show that while societal actors are central in the networks in South American countries, government officials are the main participants in the Caribbean countries. The comparative analysis of the networks of ideas, information, economic resources, and political power across these cases indicates that differences in the types of bureaucratic systems and governance structures may explain the diversity of actors with decision power and the resources used to influence social policy formulation across the region. These analytical and methodological contributions-combined with specific examples of policies and programs-will help to enhance the efficiency, efficacy, and sustainability of public policies in the social arena.

I maintain that the answers we have may not suffice, and in fact may be misleading in terms of our understanding of who decides, and how, in the EP. The most important example of a possible misinterpretation of EP politics concerns ...

Author: Nils Ringe

Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand

ISBN: 9780199572557

Category: Political Science

Page: 233

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Despite a flourishing literature on the European Parliament, we know surprisingly little about the micro-foundations of its politics. This book addresses that shortcoming by examining how individual legislators make policy choices, how these choices are aggregated, and what role parties and committees play in this process.

Conclusion So Who Decides? We began our pilgrimage with a question: “Who decides what the Bible means?” This question led us to ponder the flexibility of words and the “dictionaries” we bring to the interpretation of the Bible.

Author: Ken Schenck

Publisher: Lulu.com

ISBN: 9780615157443

Category: Religion

Page: 120

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Walk down the typical city street in America and you will see church after church, all with different beliefs. What is even more intriguing is the fact that most of them claim to get their beliefs from the Bible. Who decides which interpretation is right? In this book, Ken Schenck explores why Christians believe so many different things about the Bible and suggests the best way for Christians to use the Bible with integrity.

Who Decides Who Becomes a Teacher Educator? The collective originated, in part, because of participants' passion about the role of teacher educators in deciding who becomes a teacher. However, the vision of this role was neither ...

Author: Julie Gorlewski

Publisher: Routledge

ISBN: 9781351979443

Category: Education

Page: 214

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Who Decides Who Becomes a Teacher? extends the discussions and critiques of neoliberalism in education by examining the potential for Schools of Teacher Education to contest policies that are typical in K-12 schooling. Drawing on a case study of faculty collaboration, this edited volume reimagines teacher preparation programs as crucial sites of resistance to, and refusal of, unsound education practices and legislation. This volume also reveals by example how education faculty can engage in collaborative scholarly work to investigate the anticipated and unanticipated effects of policy initiatives on teaching and learning.